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§ 87 It is not of the nature of the all…pervading Spirit to die this merely natural death。

§ 88 The highest point in the development of a people is this: to have reduced its laws; its ideas of

justice and morality to a science。

§ 89 We have then before us a real and an ideal existence of the Spirit of the Nation。

§ 90 We are sure to see a people putting talk about virtue partly side by side with actual virtue。

§ 91 At the same time the isolation of individuals from each other and from the Whole makes its

appearance。

§ 92 Zeus and his race are themselves swallowed up by the very power that produced them —

the principle of thought。

§ 93 Time is the negative element in the sensuous world。 Thought is the same negativity。

§ 94 Thought is that Universal … that Species which is immortal。

§ 95 Spirit; in rendering itself objective and making this an object of thought; destroys the

determinate form of its being; but gains a prehension of its universal element。

§ 96 The individual traverses as a unity various grades of development; and remains the same

individual; in like manner also does a people。

§ 97 The life of a people ripens a certain fruit。 But this fruit does not fall back into the bosom of

the people that produced it; but bees a poison…draught to it。

§ 98 The principles of the successive phases of Spirit that animate Nations; are only steps of the

one universal Spirit。

§ 99 Philosophy; as occupying itself with the True; has only to do with the eternally present。。

Introduction

The subject of this course of Lectures is the Philosophical History of the World。 And by this must

be understood; not a collection of general observations respecting it; suggested by the study of its

records; and proposed to be illustrated by its facts; but Universal History itself。

I cannot mention any work that will serve as a pendium of the course; but I may remark that in

my The Philosophy of Right §§。 341…360; I have already given a definition of such a Universal

History as it is proposed to develop; and a syllabus of the chief elements or periods into which it

naturally divides itself。

To gain a clear idea at the outset; of the nature of our task; it seems necessary to begin with an

examination of the other methods of treating History。 The various methods may be ranged under

three heads:

I。   Original History

II。  Reflective History

III。 Philosophical History

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